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Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus (Psarras & Koskeridou & Merle,2021)
Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani (Erunal-Erentoz, 1958)
Description:
Medium-sized,
robust shells, with relatively low spired whorls. Early spire whorls
coeloconoid. Last spire whorls, smooth, straight to concave, creating
a low conical to flat outline. Suture impressed. Subsutural flexure
shallow, weakly curved, moderately asymmetrical. Shoulder rounded,
protruded, creating a bulky outline. Maximum diameter below shoulder.
Last whorl straight. Aperture moderate, narrow near suture, straight.
Apertural canal wide, fasciole twisted, demarcated from base and
inner lip. There are two extreme forms. Form 1 consists of robust
forms which are relatively wider in comparison to form 2 and have low
angled spire whorls. Form 2 consists of relatively elongated forms
with flat spire whorl. Intermediate forms also exist (1).
DESCRIPTION OF COLOUR PATTERN
The colour pattern consists of one layer of short and long, fluorescent, spiral dashes, arranged in evenly spaced spiral rows. The spire whorls display wide, fluorescent flammulae, with irregular boundaries on a non-fluorescent base colour. The flammulae do not connect with the colour pattern of the last whorl (1).
TYPE MATERIAL.
Holotype: AMPG( IV) 2660, Psalidha ( Fig. 18 B).
Three paratypes, MNHN.F. A72636 to MNHN.F. A72638, Crete ( Fig. 18 A, C, D).
TYPE LOCALITY. — Psalidha, 35°05’08.1”N, 24°57’46.0”E, Messara Basin, Tortonian, Crete, Greece.
STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE. — Tortonian of Greece (Messara Basin, Crete). ETYMOLOGY. — As Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 was first found in Hungary, we propose Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus n. sp., a species found in Greece ( Hellas in Greek).
REMARKS
This species shows some variations in the relative diameter of its spire whorls. The difference between the elongated and robust forms is not very variable. However intermediate forms between both forms point towards the existence of a single species.
Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 from Paratethys seems closely related to Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus n. sp., but the medium height, conical spire whorls and the subsutural flexure of Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus are characters separating both species.
Conus (Kalloconus) tietzei Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 differs in the relatively angulated shoulder and the medium depth of the subsutural flexure ( Harzhauser & Landau 2016).
Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-Erentöz, 1958 bears a similar morphology and a colour pattern. The differences between both species exist on the spiral whorl height and the smoother shoulder of Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani .
All these species seem to be very closely related, but the differential characters of Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus n. sp. caused us to consider the Greek material as a new species (1).
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Conus gulemani (Erunal-Erentoz, 1958)
SHELL DESCRIPTION
Small-to-medium-sized shells. Spire whorls weakly convex, with strongly coeloconoid outline on early whorls, that decreases on later whorls. Spire height low to moderate. Spire low to moderately high. Suture impressed. Subsutural flexure shallow, weakly curved, moderately asymmetrical. Maximum diameter below rounded shoulder. Last spire whorl slightly inflated, convex not straight. Aperture curved, widening towards fasciole. Canal moderately wide, fasciole twisted, inflated (1).
DESCRIPTION OF COLOUR PATTERN
The colour pattern consists of one layer of a series of closely related, spiral rows of dashes, disrupted randomly by non-fluorescent dots or small dashes. The non-fluorescent dots are slightly wider than the fluorescent spiral rows. Sometimes the dots are axially aligned, creating a synchronous, vertical disruption of the spiral rows. The dots on the spiral rows are not constant in numbers or distances and can be multiple or few. This results in a variety of colour patterns, with shells having mostly spiral rows of elongated dashes with very few interruptions, to patterns with multiple disruptions, resembling series of short fluorescent dashes (1).
TYPE MATERIAL.
One syntype: MNHN.FA26722; three or four syntypes, MTA, Ankara.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Zengen Köy S, Dereboğazi (Karaman Basin, Turkey). According to Landau et al. (2013) the localities of the Karaman Basin are Serravallian in age.
STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE. — Serravallian (Karaman Basin, Turkey ( Landau et al. 2013) and Tortonian of Greece (Messara and Ierapetra Basins, Crete).
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Greece. Psalidha : two specimens AMPG( IV) 2663, 2665; Tefeli : six specimens from AMPG( IV) 2676-2681. Filippi: nine specimen AMPG( IV) 2664, 2668-2675; Crete: two specimens ( MNHN.F. A72640 and MNHN.F. A72641 ). All of them display colour patterns under UV light .
REMARKS
Erünal-Erentöz (1958) described Conus (Dendroconus) gulemani distinguishing it from the rest of her known Conidae by the relative narrower shoulder width, the coeloconoid spire whorls and the colour pattern of spiral dashes. One syntype stored in the MNHN (MNHN.F. A26722) is very similar in morphology and colour pattern to the Greek specimens. Therefore, we consider them conspecific with Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani (1).
Caze et al. (2011a) identified a specimen (MNHN.F. A30841) from Makrilia as Conus bitorosus Fontannes, 1880. Conus bitorosus , however, has a straight conical spire whorl outline (see Fontannes 1880, pl. 8 fig. 12 and Sacco 1893b, pl. 10, fig.19), whereas Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani has clearly a coeloconoid spire outline. As such, we believe that the specimen of Caze et al. (2011a) belongs to Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani (1).
The colour pattern of this species is similar to species like Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 and Conus (Kalloconus) tietzei Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 , but both species differ from Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani by their shell morphology (1).
Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus has club shaped shells, wider relative diameter of the last whorl and conical spire whorls (1).
Conus (Kalloconus) tietzei has a more angulated shoulder and straight last whorl, which is slightly more inflated in Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani (1).
“ Dendroconus ” pyruloides var. planacutispira ( Sacco 1893a: pl. 1, fig. 27) is morphologically similar to our material, but it differs in the angle of the last whorl near the fasciole, a feature lacking in Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani (1).
A species with an identical colour pattern, but with shorter spire whorls is Conus (Kalloconus) pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004 ( Monteiro et al. 2004), an extant species from the Cape Verde islands. Because of these similarities, both species seem to be closely related (1).
Conus gulemani
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Bibliografia
Consultata
